An interesting case of Ascaris in pleural effusion

In developing countries like India, parasitic infections continue to be an important medical problem. The pulmonary involvement by Ascaris in the form of hypersensitivity reaction in the lungs has been well documented in the literature. However, the involvement of the pleural space is very rarely seen. Herein, we describe a case of a 32-year-old male patient who was found to have involvement of the pleural space by Ascaris and showed excellent response to anti-helminthic treatment. The report highlights the importance of considering Ascaris infection of the pleural space in those with lymphocytic predominant exudative pleural effusion. In tuberculosis-endemic countries, such cases are usually misdiagnosed and mistreated before the correct diagnosis is made. Thus, every effort should be made to make a final diagnosis before initiating treatment.