THE EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E LEVELS OF GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Recent studies indicate that immediate effect of smoking on gingival fluid flow produces a marked transient increase in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), which may be a physiologic result of vasoconstriction and might reflect changes in gingival blood flow and in fluidity of cell membrane (1). Previous evidence demonstrated that gingival blood flow increased during smoking but the changes remained elevated for just 5 min after smoking (2,3). [...]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.