Emergency care accessibility for road accidents victims: a review
https://doi.org/10.4081/ecj.2023.11257
Accepted: 19 April 2023
Supplementary Materials: 89
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Road traffic accident has become a public health concern. More than 80% injury-related deaths occurred in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Despite its importance, emergency care accessibility for road crash victims is still questionable. This study aims to review emergency care accessibility from approachability, acceptability, availability, affordability, and appropriateness dimensions for crash victims. This is a scoping review with literatures extracted from ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Scopus. Articles analyzed using PCC (Problem/Population, Concept, Context) of scoping review. 1544 articles identified from databases of which 81 are relevant for full-text screening. The final 12 articles were eligible to be reviewed. Although emergency care is available in most areas, its existence was not well-known. Victims and helpers are treated unfairly in emergency care. Emergency care system also lacks clear coordination and it does not give appropriate treatment in timely manner. There was little evidence of how accessible emergency care to crash victims. Most studies only examined the availability of emergency care without comparing its actual utilization and other determinants impacting its accessibility. Future study should aim to assess approachability, acceptability, affordability, and appropriateness of emergency care. Strengthening emergency care from all dimensions is important to ensure its accessibility.
Dela Cruz OG, Padilla JA, Victoria AN. Managing road traffic accidents: a review on its contributing factors. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2021;822:012015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/822/1/012015
World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2018 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Cited 2022 Jul 15. 403 p. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/276462
González-Sánchez G, Olmo-Sánchez MI, Maeso-González E, et al. Traffic injury risk based on mobility patterns by gender, age, mode of transport and type of road. Sustainability 2021;13:10112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810112
Denu ZA, Osman MY, Bisetegn TA, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for road traffic injuries and mortalities in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Inj Prev 2021;27:384–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044038
Klinjun N, Kelly M, Praditsathaporn C, Petsirasan R. Identification of factors affecting road traffic injuries incidence and severity in Southern Thailand based on accident investigation reports. Sustainability 2021;13:12467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212467
Chen S, Kuhn M, Prettner K, Bloom DE. The global macroeconomic burden of road injuries: estimates and projections for 166 countries. Lancet Planet Health 2019;3:e390–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30170-6
Manning Smith R, Cambiano V, Colbourn T, et al. Estimating the health burden of road traffic injuries in Malawi using an individual-based model. Inj Epidemiol 2022;9:21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-022-00386-6
Wangdi C, Gurung MS, Duba T, et al. Burden, pattern and causes of road traffic accidents in Bhutan, 2013–2014: a police record review. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2018;25:65–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2017.1341930
Kotagal M, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Mock C, et al. Health and economic benefits of improved injury prevention and trauma care worldwide. PloS One 2014;9:e91862. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091862
United Nations. Road safety considerations in support of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. United Nations; 2017. p. 55.
Global Emergency and Trauma Care Initiative. Emergency and trauma care Emergency care systems for universal health coverage: ensuring timely care for the acutely ill and injured. World Health Organization; 2019 p. 5. Report No.: WHA72.16. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/emergency-care-systems-for-universal-health-coverage-ensuring-timely-care-for-the-acutely-ill-and-injured
Mock C, Joshipura M, Arreola-Risa C, Quansah R. An estimate of the number of lives that could be saved through improvements in trauma care globally. World J Surg 2012;36:959–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-012-1459-6
Urfi, Khalique N, Ahmad A, Ahmad ST. Post-crash emergency care: Availability and utilization pattern of existing facilities in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. J Fam Med Prim Care 2020;9:2313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1251_19
Gulliford M, Figueroa-Munoz J, Morgan M, et al. What does “access to health care” mean? J Health Serv Res Policy 2002;7:186–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1258/135581902760082517
Levesque JF, Harris MF, Russell G. Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. Int J Equity Health 2013;12:18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-12-18
Peters M, Godfrey C, Khalil H, et al. 2017 Guidance for the conduct of JBI scoping reviews. 2017. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319713049_2017_Guidance_for_the_Conduct_of_JBI_Scoping_Reviews
Silva HC da, Pessoa R de L, Menezes RMP de. Trauma in elderly people: access to the health system through pre-hospital care. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2016;24. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-11692016000100321&lng=en&tlng=en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0959.2690
Shrivastava SR, Pandian P, Shrivastava PS. Pre-hospital care among victims of road traffic accident in a rural area of Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional descriptive study. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2014;05:S033–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.145198
Pickering AE, Dreifuss HM, Ndyamwijuka C, et al. Getting to the Emergency Department in time: Interviews with patients and their caregivers on the challenges to emergency care utilization in rural Uganda. Vousden G, editor. PLoS One 2022;17:e0272334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272334
Broccoli MC, Calvello EJB, Skog AP, et al. Perceptions of emergency care in Kenyan communities lacking access to formalised emergency medical systems: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2015;5:e009208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009208
Bhalla K, Sriram V, Arora R, et al. The care and transport of trauma victims by layperson emergency medical systems: a qualitative study in Delhi, India. BMJ Glob Health 2019;4:e001963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001963
Ahuja R, Tiwari G, Bhalla K. Going to the nearest hospital vs. designated trauma centre for road traffic crashes: estimating the time difference in Delhi, India. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2019;26:271–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2019.1626443
Chokotho L, Mulwafu W, Jacobsen KH, et al. The burden of trauma in four rural district hospitals in Malawi: A retrospective review of medical records. Injury 2014;45:2065–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2014.10.001
Lin N, Nwanna-Nzewunwa O, Carvalho M, et al. Geospatial analysis of trauma burden and surgical care capacity in teso sub-region of Eastern Uganda. World J Surg 2019;43:2666–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-019-05095-8
Ibrahim NA, Ajani AWO, Mustafa IA, et al. Road traffic injury in lagos, Nigeria: assessing prehospital care. Prehospital Disaster Med 2017;32:424–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X17006410
Gomez D, Haas B, Doumouras AG, et al. A population-based analysis of the discrepancy between potential and realized access to trauma center care. Ann Surg 2013;257:160–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e31827b9649
Vanderschuren M, McKune D. Emergency care facility access in rural areas within the golden hour?: Western Cape case study. Int J Health Geogr 2015;14:5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-14-5
Shaw BI, Wangara AA, Wambua GM, et al. Geospatial relationship of road traffic crashes and healthcare facilities with trauma surgical capabilities in Nairobi, Kenya: defining gaps in coverage. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2017;2:e000130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2017-000130
Dawkins B, Renwick C, Ensor T, et al. What factors affect patients’ ability to access healthcare? An overview of systematic reviews. Trop Med Int Health 2021;26:1177–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13651
Duut MS, Okyere P, Zakariah AN, et al. Factors influencing willingness to intervene as bystanders among adult residents living in crash-prone areas in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Afr J Emerg Med 2022;12:315–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2022.06.010
Kureckova V, Gabrhel V, Zamecnik P, et al. First aid as an important traffic safety factor – evaluation of the experience–based training. Eur Transp Res Rev 2017;9:5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-016-0218-4
Ndile ML, Lukumay GG, Bolenius K, et al. Impact of a postcrash first aid educational program on knowledge, perceived skills confidence, and skills utilization among traffic police officers: a single-arm before-after intervention study. BMC Emerg Med 2020;20:21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-020-00317-y
Aggrawal A. Medicolegal aspects of road side accident victims. MAMC J Med Sci 2016;2:141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-7438.191677
Nagata T, Takamori A, Kimura Y, et al. Trauma center accessibility for road traffic injuries in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Trauma Manag Outcomes 2011;5:11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-2897-5-11
Kironji AG, Hodkinson P, de Ramirez SS, et al. Identifying barriers for out of hospital emergency care in low and low-middle income countries: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2018;18:291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3091-0
Committee on Health Care Utilization and Adults with Disabilities, Board on Health Care Services, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2018. Cited 2022 Dec 16. Available from: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24969
Obembe T, Fonn S. Affording unavoidable emergency surgical care – The lived experiences and payment coping strategies of households in Ibadan metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria. Urbanos Garrido RM, editor. PLoS One 2020;15:e0232882. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232882
Prinja S, Jagnoor J, Sharma D, et al. Out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic health expenditure for hospitalization due to injuries in public sector hospitals in North India. PLoS One 2019;14:e0224721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224721
Hoque DME, Islam MI, Sharmin Salam S, et al. Impact of First aid on treatment outcomes for non-fatal injuries in rural Bangladesh: findings from an injury and demographic census. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017;14:762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070762
Petitfour L, Bonnet E, Mathevet I, et al. Out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic expenditures due to traffic injuries in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Health Econ Rev 2021;11:46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-021-00344-w
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Downloads
Citations
