Regional nutritional profile and antioxidant activity of Gelidium sesquipedale from the Moroccan Atlantic coast

Samira El Majnaoui; Mounia Lekrati; Said El Broudi; Ahmed Belmouden; Abdellah El Houari; Nadia El Kadmiri

doi:10.4081/jbr.2024.11859

Authors

Samira El Majnaoui Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology, and Innovation Team, Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant City, Morocco. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7547-5420
Mounia Lekrati Fisheries Technologies Department, Higher Institute of Marine Fisheries, Agadir, Morocco. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-2764
Said El Broudi Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9617
Ahmed Belmouden Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-8387
Abdellah El Houari Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology, and Innovation Team, Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant City, Morocco.
Nadia El Kadmiri
n.elkadmiri@uiz.ac.ma
Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology, and Innovation Team, Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant City, Morocco. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-9704

Gelidium sesquipedale is a red seaweed exploited in Morocco for its agar-agar quality. Samples were examined across the Moroccan Atlantic coast to evaluate their nutritional composition and antioxidant activity. The objective was to find out the regional impact on the biochemical properties of this seaweed. The obtained results have shown that the region factor does not affect the carbohydrate content. However, protein content was higher in the western sites (15.77% in Lahdida and 16.79% in Sidi-Rahal) compared to those from the southern sites (14.08% in Sidi El Ghazi and 14.76% in Amgriou). Regarding the phenolic contents, the results are similar in the west (5.69 and 5.38 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g respectively in Sidi-Rahal and Lahdida) but differ in the south (6.22 mg GAE /g in Amgriou and 4.78 mg GAE /g in Sidi El Ghazi) due to stranding phenomena in Amgriou. Moreover, this seaweed exhibits the highest radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) values in the south (90.41 and 114.33 µg/mL in Amgriou; 103.76 and 110.5 µg/mL in Sidi El Ghazi). Hence, the exploitation of Gelidium sesquipedale harvested on the western and southern coasts of Morocco should extend beyond the sole production of agar-agar.

Hentati F, Tounsi L, Djomdi D, et al. Bioactive Polysaccharides from seaweeds. Molecules 2020;25:3152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143152

Matos GS, Pereira SG, Genisheva ZA, et al. Advances in extraction methods to recover added- value compounds from seaweeds: sustainability and functionality. Foods 2021;10:516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030516

Ministère de l’Agriculture, de la Pêche Maritime, du Développement Rural et des Eaux et Forêts; Département de la Pêche Maritime. La mer en chiffre. 2020; pp 18.

Lebbar S, Fanuel M, Le Gall S, et al. Agar extraction by-products from Gelidium sesquipedale as a source of glycerol-galactosides. Molecules 2018;23:3364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123364

Martínez-Sanz M, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Ballester AR, et al. Production of unpurified agar-based extracts from red seaweed Gelidium sesquipedale by means of simplified extraction protocols. Algal Res 2019;38:101420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101420

Trigueros E, Sanz MT, Alonso-Riaño P, et al. Recovery of the protein fraction with high antioxidant activity from red seaweed industrial solid residue after agar extraction by subcritical water treatment. J Appl Phycol 2021;33:1181‑94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02349-0

Castejón N, Parailloux M, Izdebska, et al. Valorization of the red algae Gelidium sesquipedale by extracting a broad spectrum of minor compounds using green approaches. Mar Drugs 2021;19:574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md19100574

Matos J, Gomes A, Cardoso C et al. Commercial red seaweed in portugal (Gelidium sesquipedale and pterocladiella capillacea, florideophyceae): Going beyond a single-purpose product approach by valorizing bioactivity. Thalassas 2020;36:213‑24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-019-00181-z

Véliz K, Chandía N, Karsten U, et al. Geographic variation in biochemical and physiological traits of the red seaweeds Chondracanthus chamissoi and Gelidium lingulatum from the south east Pacific coast. J Appl Phycol 2019;31:665‑82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1532-0

Cavaco M, Duarte A, Freitas MV, et al. Seasonal nutritional profile of Gelidium corneum (rhodophyta, gelidiaceae) from the center of Portugal. Foods 2021;10:2394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102394

Roleda MY, Hurd CL. Seaweed nutrient physiology: application of concepts to aquaculture and bioremediation. Phycologia 2019;58:552‑62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2019.1622920

Yong WTL, Thien VY, Rupert R, Rodrigues KF. Seaweed: A potential climate change solution. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2022;159:112222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112222

Said EB, Hicham EF, Naïma Z, et al. Effect of drying techniques on the Moroccan Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. Leaves essential oil: yield, composition, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and hygroscopic parameters. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2022;25:508‑23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2022.2086826

Liu K. Effects of sample size, dry ashing temperature and duration on determination of ash content in algae and other biomass. Algal Res 2019;40:101486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101486

Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 1959;37:911‑7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099

Erickson MC. Lipid extraction from channel catfish muscle: Comparison of solvent systems. J Food Sci 1993;58:84‑9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb03217.x

DuBois Michel, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 1956;28:350‑6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017

El-Said GF, El-Sikaily A. Chemical composition of some seaweed from Mediterranean sea coast, Egypt. Environ Monit Assess 2013;185:6089‑99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-3009-y

Bradford, M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72:248-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999

Foster GG, Hodgson AN. Consumption and apparent dry matter digestibility of six intertidal macroalgae by Turbo sarmaticus (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda: Turbinidae). Aquaculture 1998;167:211‑27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00315-9

Ling ALM, Yasir S, Matanjun P, Abu Bakar MF. Effect of different drying techniques on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii. J Appl Phycol 2015;27:1717‑23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0467-3

Chew YL, Lim YY, Omar M, et al Antioxidant activity of three edible seaweeds from two areas in South East Asia. LWT - Food Sci Technol 2008;41:1067‑72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.06.013

Chakraborty K, Joseph D, Praveen NK. Antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of three red seaweeds (Division: Rhodophyta) harvested from the Gulf of Mannar of Peninsular India. J Food Sci Technol 2015;52:1924‑35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-1189-2

Rodrigues D, Freitas AC, Pereira L, et al. Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. Food Chem 2015;183:197‑207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.057

Susanto E, Fahmi AS, Abe M, et al. Lipids, fatty acids, and fucoxanthin content from temperate and tropical brown seaweeds. Aquat Procedia 2016;7:66‑75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2016.07.009

Ortiz-Viedma J, Aguilera JM, Flores M, et al. Protective effect of red algae (Rhodophyta) extracts on essential dietary components of heat-treated salmon. Antioxidants 2021;10:1108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071108

Circuncisão A, Catarino M, Cardoso S, Silva A. Minerals from macroalgae origin: health benefits and risks for consumers. Mar Drugs 2018;16:400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md16110400

Torres MD, Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H. Integral utilization of red seaweed for bioactive production. Mar Drugs 2019;17:314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md17060314

Gullón P, Astray G, Gullón B, et al. Inclusion of seaweeds as healthy approach to formulate new low-salt meat products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021;40:20‑5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2020.05.005

Carpena M, Garcia-Perez P, Garcia-Oliveira P, et al. Biological properties and potential of compounds extracted from red seaweeds. Phytochem Rev 2022;66:1–32

Gomes-Dias JS, Romaní A, Teixeira JA, et al. Valorization of seaweed carbohydrates: autohydrolysis as a selective and sustainable pretreatment. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 2020;8:17143‑53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05396

Vieira EF, Soares C, Machado S, Correia M, et al. Seaweeds from the Portuguese coast as a source of proteinaceous material: Total and free amino acid composition profile. Food Chem 2018;269:264‑75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.145

Lalegerie F, Lajili S, Bedoux G, et al. Photo-protective compounds in red macroalgae from Brittany: Considerable diversity in mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Mar Environ Res 2019;147:37‑48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.04.001

Geada P, Moreira C, Silva M, Nunes R, et al. Algal proteins: Production strategies and nutritional and functional properties. Bioresour Technol 2021;332:125125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125125

Álvarez-Viñas, Flórez-Fernández, Torres, et al. Successful approaches for a red seaweed biorefinery. Mar Drugs 2019;17:620 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md17110620

Punampalam R, Khoo KS, Sit NW. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of phycobiliproteins and phenolic compounds extracted from Bangia atropurpurea. Malays J Fundam Appl Sci 2018;14:289‑97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n2.1096

Tang Y, Liu J, Yang J, et al. Free radical-mediated extraction of polysaccharides from Gelidium amansii and their modulation on abnormal glycometabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2023;252:126402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126402

Nil S, Ali-Mehidi S, Zellal A, Abiaayad MEA. Effects of season on the yield and quality of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) from Mostaganem, Algeria. Afr J Biotechnol 2016;15:350‑5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2015.15004

Xu P, Tan H, Jin W et al. Antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of intertidal seaweeds and possible effects of abiotic factors on these bioactivities. J Oceanol Limnol 2018;36:2243‑56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-7046-z

El Majnaoui, S., Lekrati, M., El Broudi, S., Belmouden, A., El Houari, A., & El Kadmiri, N. (2024). Regional nutritional profile and antioxidant activity of Gelidium sesquipedale from the Moroccan Atlantic coast. Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino Della Società Italiana Di Biologia Sperimentale. https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2024.11859