The consumption of walnuts has an impact on decreasing fasting blood glucose levels in individuals with concurrent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia: a randomized control trial
https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2024.12233
Accepted: 30 March 2024
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Nationally, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has increased by 0.5%. In 2013, it was approximately 1.5%, rising to 2.0% in 2018. On the other hand, it is known that administering walnut extract can reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of walnut consumption on blood sugar levels. The research was conducted experimentally, using a pre-post test control group design. The research sample consisted of mothers with fasting blood sugar levels ≥200 mg/dL and total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dL (hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic). The total sample size was 50 mothers, divided into 2 groups. Samples were selected using simple random sampling. The intervention involved giving 50 grams of walnut (Canarium Indicum L.) daily for 8 weeks to the treatment group. The research was conducted in the working area of the Paccerakang Community Health Center in Makassar City, Indonesia. Statistical analysis was performed using paired T-tests. There was a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in the treatment group from 244.12 mg/dL to 195.52 mg/dL. In the control group, there was a slight decrease in blood sugar levels from 236.92 mg/dL to 229.96 mg/dL. Paired T-test analysis in the treatment group showed a value of p=0.00, indicating a significant difference in cholesterol levels before and after the intervention in the treatment group. In the control group, the value was p=0.07, indicating no significant difference in cholesterol levels in the control group. Administering 50 grams of walnuts per day for 8 weeks significantly lowered fasting blood sugar levels in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic mothers.
Kemenkes. Laporan Riskesdas Tahun 2018. 2018. Available from: https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan%20Riskesdas%202018%20Nasional.pdf
Kemenkes. Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2013. 2013. Available from: https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4428/
Dany F, Dewi RM, Tjandrarini DH, et al. Urban-rural distinction of potential determinants for prediabetes in Indonesian population aged ≥15 years: a cross-sectional analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018 among normoglycemic and prediabetic individuals. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09592-7
Guasch-Ferré M, Hernández-Alonso P, Drouin-Chartier JP, et al. Walnut consumption, plasma metabolomics, and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. J Nutr 2021;151:303-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa374
Kris-Etherton PM. Walnuts decrease risk of cardiovascular disease: a summary of efficacy and biologic mechanisms. J Nutr 2014;144:547-54S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.182907
Wang R, Hannan MT, Wang M, et al. Long-term consumption of nuts (including peanuts, peanut butter, walnuts, and other nuts) in relation to risk of frailty in older women: evidence from a cohort study. J Nutr 2023;153:820-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.003
Rajaram S, Cofán M, Sala-Vila A, et al. Effects of walnut consumption for 2 years on lipoprotein subclasses among healthy elders. Circulation 2021;144:1083-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054051
Berryman CE, Grieger JA, West SG, et al. Acute consumption of walnuts and walnut components differentially affects postprandial lipemia, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and cholesterol efflux in humans with mild hypercholesterolemia. J Nutr 2013;143:788-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.170993
Neale EP, Guan V, Tapsell LC, Probst YC. Effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutrition 2020;124:641-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520001415
Zebari HMH, Hidayet HM, Al-nakshabandi Assel AI, Hussein N. Pain caused by ear tagging in kids of native black goats. J Sci Res Med Biol Sci 2021;2:19-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v2i1.128
Htet MK, Fahmida U, Do TT, et al. The use of tablet-based multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall application (MP24Diet) to collect dietary intake of children under two years old in the prospective cohort study in Indonesia. Nutrients 2019;11:2889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122889
Gibson RS, Ferguson EL. An interactive 24-hour recall for assessing the adequacy of iron and zinc intakes in developing countries. 2008. Available from: https://www.ifpri.org/publication/interactive-24-hour-recall-assessing-adequacy-iron-and-zinc-intakes-developing-countries
Brennan AM, Sweeney LL, Liu X, Mantzoros CS. Walnut consumption increases satiation but has no effect on insulin resistance or the metabolic profile over a 4‐day period. Obesity 2010;18:1176-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.409
Zibaee Nezhad MJ, Aghasadeghi K, Hakimi H, et al. The effect of walnut oil consumption on blood sugar in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2016;14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.34889
Njike VY, Yarandi N, Petraro P. Inclusion of walnut in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes and their dietary pattern changes: a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial. BMJ Open Diabet Res Care 2016;4:e000293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000293
Arab L, Dhaliwal SK, Martin CJ, et al. Association between walnut consumption and diabetes risk in NHANES. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018;34:e3031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3031
Josse AR, Kendall CWC, Augustin LSA, et al. Almonds and postprandial glycemia—a dose-response study. Metabolism 2007;56:400-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2006.10.024
Jiang R. Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA 2002;288:2554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.20.2554
Hama JR, Fitzsimmons-Thoss V. Determination of unsaturated fatty acids composition in walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil using NMR spectroscopy. Food Anal Methods 2022;15:1226-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-02203-0
Kim Y, Keogh J, Clifton P. Benefits of nut consumption on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors: multiple potential mechanisms of actions. Nutrients 2017;9:1271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111271
Ni ZJ, Zhang YG, Chen SX, et al. Exploration of walnut components and their association with health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022;62:5113-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1881439
Zheng Y, Wu S, Wang R, et al. Analysis and correlationship of chemical components of various walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. J Food Measurement Characterization 2020;14:3605-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00603-0
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Downloads
Citations
