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Tracheal stent migration in malignant central airway obstruction – a case report and systematic review of literature

Authors

Manu Madan
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-4568
Department of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Sreyas Sharma
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8156-5381
Department of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Rohit Kumar
Department of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Pranav Ish
Department of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Rajnish Kaushik
Department of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Nitesh Gupta
niteshgupta2107@gmail.com
Department of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Airway stents are critical in maintaining airway patency and managing Central Airway Obstruction (CAO) caused by malignant and benign conditions. Despite their effectiveness, complications such as stent migration are common. We report a case of a 25-year-old female with malignant CAO, which was initially managed with an ultra-flex Self-Expanding Metal Stent (SEMS) followed by stent migration and subsequently interlocking SEMS with Y stent deployment. This case report highlights the complexity of managing malignant CAO. More research is needed to establish optimal practices for preventing stent migration and improving patient outcomes. A systematic review of the literature on airway stent migration was also conducted, revealing an incidence of 5-17%, with higher rates in tracheal stents. Factors such as lesion characteristics and location significantly impact migration risk. This review discusses the advantages and challenges of SEMS compared to silicone stents, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches in stent placement and fixation to mitigate migration risks.

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How to Cite

Madan, M., Sharma, S., Kumar, R., Ish, P., Kaushik, R., & Gupta, N. (2024). Tracheal stent migration in malignant central airway obstruction – a case report and systematic review of literature. Chest Disease Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12731
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