https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2026.14110
Acute responses of isometric handgrip exercise combined with blood flow restriction in the elderly
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Published: 22 January 2026
This study aimed to investigate the influence of isometric handgrip exercise under different blood flow restriction times on acute responses related to safety and effectiveness in the elderly. Eleven physically active elderly people (70.1 ± 7.1 years) were subjected to three protocols (P1-1m), (P2-30s) and (P3-Control) of isometric handgrip contraction. Hemodynamic markers (SBP, DBP and HR), hematological markers (D-dimer, fibrinogen, APTT and ultrasensitive CRP) and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum communis muscles were analyzed. The hemodynamic variables showed no significant difference P < 0.05 between the moments before, immediately after, after 15 minutes, and after 30 minutes. The hematological variables showed no significant difference P < 0.05 between the pre- and post-30 minute time points. The sEMG variables showed a significant difference of p< 0.01 at the beginning, middle and end of each series and between the complete series for both muscles analyzed. In line with the aim of this study, we can accept the hypothesis that the P1-1m, P2-30s and P3-Control protocols are safe. However, we reject the hypothesis that the BFR protocols result in greater muscle activation compared to the protocol without BFR.
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CRediT authorship contribution
Thailson Fernandes da Silva conceived the idea presented and prepared the manuscript, and wrote the article; Leandro Lima de Sousa, Carlos Ernesto Santos Ferreira conceived the idea presented and prepared the manuscript, and critically reviewed it for intellectual content; Johnatan Campos Sousa Leite, Lucas de Souza Martins, Robson Conceição Silva contributed substantially to the conception of the article; all authors read and approved the final edited manuscript.
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