Reviews | Advances in Musculoskeletal and Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Open access

Impact of myokines on chronic liver diseases: exploring the effects of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on skeletal muscle. A narrative review

Authors

  • Francisco Aguirre – articles in this journal Center for Research on Pandemic Resilience, Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Public Health, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Mayalen Valero-Breton – articles in this journal Center for Research on Pandemic Resilience, Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Public Health, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Daniel Cabrera – articles in this journal Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
  • Luis Peñailillo – articles in this journal Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • María Carolina Otero – articles in this journal Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Claudia Fredes – articles in this journal Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Postgraduate, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Claudio Cabello-Verrugio – articles in this journal Corresponding author Email https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-2102 Center for Research on Pandemic Resilience, Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Public Health, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Published
23 July 2025
Section
Reviews | Advances in Musculoskeletal and Neuromuscular Rehabilitation
DOI
10.4081/ejtm.2025.13365

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a condition characterized by altered liver function due to fatty accumulation, which can lead to liver inflammation and, in advanced stages, liver carcinoma. MASLD is closely linked to several metabolic alterations, such as obesity and insulin resistance, which directly affect skeletal muscles and contribute to the development of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to decreased physical performance in severe stages. Skeletal muscles secrete molecules known as myokines under various conditions, such as exercise or diseases like MASLD. These myokines modulate communication between the skeletal muscle and other tissues. These myokines regulate muscle mass and, in pathological conditions, contribute to the development of sarcopenia. Emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of myokines in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism and function in MASLD. Myokines influence muscle metabolism, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity, offering potential therapeutic targets for managing muscle atrophy and sarcopenia in the context of MASLD. Understanding the interaction between myokines and skeletal muscle may lead to novel interventions to mitigate MASLD progression and sarcopenia. This review examines the mechanisms by which myokines regulate skeletal muscle metabolism and function in the context of MASLD.

Keywords

Supporting Agencies

National Fund for Science and Technological Development (FONDECYT 1241947 [C.C-V.], 1211879 [D.C.], 1211962 [L.P.]), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID)-Millennium Science Initiative Program - ICN09_016 / ICN 2021_045: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (ICN09_016 / ICN 2021_045; former P09/016-F) [C.C-V.]), Proyecto Núcleo UNAB (DI-03-23/NUC [LP CO C.C-V.]

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