https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2024.12993
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Published: 21 November 2024
The relationship between the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene and many pathogenic pathways in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) remains unclear. Given the significance of the topic, we conducted this study to explore the correlation between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and clinical and inflammatory factors in patients suffering from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The current research is a case/control study conducted based on the Helsinki Ethical Principles. RRMS disease was confirmed based on history, clinical symptoms, radiological signs and neurologist diagnosis. The research population consisted of healthy people and patients with RRMS who were referred to Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital between 2021 and 2023. For each person participating in the study (RRMS patient and healthy), five milliliters of peripheral blood containing the anticoagulant EDTA was collected. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using two specific and appropriate oligonucleotide primers. The restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used, one of the standard methods for identifying polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23. The odds ratio and 95% confidence limits were calculated. The SNP Analyzer software was used to analyze the allele frequency of each polymorphism in healthy and RRMS individuals and compare the values. Prism version 5 software was used to draw diagrams. In the present study, a statistically significant difference was observed between the percentage of FokI genotypes in RRMS patients and healthy individuals. FokI polymorphism showed a significantly increased risk with an odds ratio of 7.28 in patients with the FF genotype compared to healthy individuals. ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI were not significantly different between the two groups. Based on the findings of the present study, FokI polymorphism showed a significant risk increase in RRMS patients with FF genotype compared to healthy individuals.
Downloads
Dobson R, Giovannoni G. Multiple sclerosis – a review. Eur J Neurol 2019;26:27-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13819
Elssayed A, AlRgaiba RI, AlZalbani MK, et al. Review on diagnosis and management approach of multiple sclerosis. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci 2023;12:100-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51847/GJcJdSPaJm
Filippi M, Preziosa P, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of progressive multiple sclerosis from the imaging perspective: a review. JAMA Neurol 2021;78:351-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4689
Wasnik S, Sharma I, Baylink DJ, Tang X. Vitamin D as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis: Where are we? Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:3102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093102
Hartl C, Obermeier V, Gerdes LA, et al. Seasonal variations of 25-OH vitamin D serum levels are associated with clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci 2017;375:160-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.059
Díez BC, Pérez-Ramírez C, del Mar Maldonado-Montoro M, et al. Association between polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Pharmacokinetics Genomics 2021;31:40-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0000000000000420
Usategui-Martín R, De Luis-Román DA, Fernández-Gómez JM, et al. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms modify the response to vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2022;14:360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020360
Aga SS, Banday MZ, Nissar S, et al. Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Diseases. In: Aga SS, Banday MZ, Nissar S (eds.). Genetic Polymorphism and Disease: CRC Press; 2022. p. 185-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003246244-7
Taymans SE, Pack S, Pak E, et al. The human vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) is localized to region 12cen‐q12 by fluorescent in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping: genetic and physical VDR map. J Bone Mineral Res 1999;14:1163-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.7.1163
Wöbke TK, Steinhilber D. Vitamin D in inflammatory diseases. Frontiers Physiol 2014;5:97223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00244
Vanlint S. Vitamin D and obesity. Nutrients 2013;5:949-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5030949
Walsh JS, Bowles S, Evans AL. Vitamin D in obesity. Curr Opinion Endocrinol Diabetes Obesity 2017;24:389-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000371
Hwang J, Yoo JA, Yoon H, et al. The role of leptin in the association between obesity and psoriasis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021;29:11-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2020.054
Goodyear MD, Krleza-Jeric K, Lemmens T. The declaration of Helsinki. Br Med J 2007;335:624-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39339.610000.BE
Chen XL, Zhang ML, Zhu L, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of multiple sclerosis: An updated meta-analysis. Microbial Pathogenesis 2017;110:594-602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.002
Ben-Selma W, Ben-Fredj N, Chebel S, et al. Age- and gender-specific effects on VDR gene polymorphisms and risk of the development of multiple sclerosis in Tunisians: a preliminary study. Int J Immunogenet 2015;42:174-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/iji.12197
García-Martín E, Agúndez JA, Martínez C, et al. Vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) gene rs2228570 (Fok1) and rs731236 (Taq1) variants are not associated with the risk for multiple sclerosis: results of a new study and a meta-analysis. PloS One 2013;8:e65487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065487
Abdollahzadeh R, Fard MS, Rahmani F, et al. Predisposing role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in the development of multiple sclerosis: A case-control study. J Neurol Sci 2016;367:148-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.05.053
Sioka C, Papakonstantinou S, Markoula S, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis patients in northwest Greece. J Negat Results Biomed 2011;10:3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-3
Ascherio A, Munger KL, Lünemann JD. The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis. Nature Rev Neurol 2012;8:602-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2012.198
Rodríguez Murúa S, Farez MF, Quintana FJ. The immune response in multiple sclerosis. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms Dis. 2022;17:121-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathol-052920-040318
Fitzgerald KC, Munger KL, Köchert K, et al. Association of vitamin D levels with multiple sclerosis activity and progression in patients receiving interferon beta-1b. JAMA Neurol 2015;72:1458-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.2742
Mowry EM, Waubant E, McCulloch CE, et al. Vitamin D status predicts new brain magnetic resonance imaging activity in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2012;72:234-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23591
Karampoor S, Zahednasab H, Ramagopalan S, et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with multiple sclerosis in Iran: A cross-sectional study. J Neuroimmunol 2016;290:47-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.11.017
Zhang Y, Liu G, Han X, et al. The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with multiple sclerosis severity and progression in a case-control study from China. J Neuroimmunol 2016;297:127-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.05.022
Sutherland JP, Zhou A, Leach MJ, Hyppönen E. Differences and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among UK biobank participants: A cross-ethnic and socioeconomic study. Clin Nutr 2021;40:3436-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.019
Dong H, Asmolovaite V, Marseal N. Vitamin D status and dietary intake in young university students in the UK. Nutrition Food Sci 2022;52:616-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-07-2021-0201
Braidy S, Matar AM, Borjac J. Association of CYP27B1 Polymorphism and Vitamin D Levels with Multiple Sclerosis Development in Lebanese Population of Bekaa Region: A Preliminary Study. Genetics Applic 2021;5:18-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31383/ga.vol5iss1pp18-25
Beecham AH, Amezcua L, Chinea A, et al. The genetic diversity of multiple sclerosis risk among Hispanic and African American populations living in the United States. Mult Scler 2020;26:1329-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458519863764
Al-Temaimi RA, Al-Enezi A, Al-Serri A, et al. The association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis in a case-control study from Kuwait. PloS One 2015;10:e0142265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142265
Niino M, Sato S, Fukazawa T, et al. Decreased serum vitamin D levels in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2015;279:40-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.01.007
Vickaryous N, et al. Remote testing of vitamin D levels across the UK MS population—A case control study. Plos One 2020;15:e0241459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241459
Simpson S Jr, Taylor B, Blizzard L, et al. Higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2010;68:193-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22043
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.