A protocol for a randomized trial on pain neuroscience education vs. routine physical therapy in people with chronic neck pain
https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10674
Accepted: 23 June 2022
HTML: 16
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combining routine physical therapy with pain neuroscience education (PNE) on psychosocial factors, physical performance, and the experienced pain in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP). This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial in which patients will be randomly allocated to two groups, routine physical therapy with and without PNE. Patients will be assessed at the baseline, post intervention, and three months later. The results of this research will be used to establish effectiveness of treatment strategies for CNP. Due to the rigorous scientific methods used in this research, the suggested interventions would be clinically applicable in the health care systems.
Picavet HS, Schouten JS. Musculoskeletal pain in the Netherlands: prevalences, consequences and risk groups, the DMC (3)-study. Pain. 2003 Mar;102(1-2):167-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00372-x
Bier JD, Scholten-Peeters WGM, Staal JB, Pool J, van Tulder MW, Beekman E, Knoop J, Meerhoff G, Verhagen AP. Clinical Practice Guideline for Physical Therapy Assessment and Treatment in Patients With Nonspecific Neck Pain. Phys Ther. 2018 1;98(3):162-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzx118
van Wilgen CP, Keizer D. The sensitization model to explain how chronic pain exists without tissue damage. Pain Manag Nurs. 2012 Mar;13(1):60-5. Epub 2010 Jul 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2010.03.001
Nijs J, Van Houdenhove B, Oostendorp RA. Recognition of central sensitization in patients with musculoskeletal pain: Application of pain neurophysiology in manual therapy practice. Man Ther. 2010 Apr;15(2):135-41. Epub 2009 Dec 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.12.001
Nijs J, Paul van Wilgen C, Van Oosterwijck J, van Ittersum M, Meeus M. How to explain central sensitization to patients with 'unexplained' chronic musculoskeletal pain: practice guidelines. Man Ther. 2011 Oct;16(5):413-8. Epub 2011 May 31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2011.04.005
Nijs J, Meeus M, Cagnie B, Roussel NA, Dolphens M, Van Oosterwijck J, Danneels L. A modern neuroscience approach to chronic spinal pain: combining pain neuroscience education with cognition-targeted motor control training. Phys Ther. 2014 May;94(5):730-8. Epub 2014 Jan 30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130258
Roldán-Jiménez C, Pérez-Cruzado D, Neblett R, Gatchel R, Cuesta-Vargas A. Central Sensitization in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Disorders in Different Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Med. 2020 Nov 1;21(11):2958-2963. Erratum in: Pain Med. 2021 Mar 18;22(3):770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa069
Van Oosterwijck J, Nijs J, Meeus M, Truijen S, Craps J, Van den Keybus N, Paul L. Pain neurophysiology education improves cognitions, pain thresholds, and movement performance in people with chronic whiplash: a pilot study. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(1):43-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2009.12.0206
Meeus M, Nijs J, Van Alsenoy V, Van Oosterwijck J, Truijen S, Pain neurophysiology education improves pain beliefs in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A clinical experiment. In Oral presentation at the 6th Congress “Pain in Europe” of the European Federation of International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Chapters (EFIC), 8-12 September 2009, Lisbon, Portugal (Oral presentation at the 6th Congress “Pain in Europe” of the European Federation of International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Chapters (EFIC), 8-12 September 2009, Lisbon, Portugal).
Meeus M, Nijs J, Van Oosterwijck J, Van Alsenoy V, Truijen S. Pain physiology education improves pain beliefs in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome compared with pacing and self-management education: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Aug;91(8):1153-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.04.020
Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, Laupacis A, Gøtzsche PC, Krleža-Jerić K, Hróbjartsson A, Mann H, Dickersin K, Berlin JA, Doré CJ, Parulekar WR, Summerskill WS, Groves T, Schulz KF, Sox HC, Rockhold FW, Rennie D, Moher D. SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Feb 5;158(3):200-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583
Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, Altman DG, Barbour V, Macdonald H, Johnston M, Lamb SE, Dixon-Woods M, McCulloch P, Wyatt JC, Chan AW, Michie S. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014 Mar 7;348: g1687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1687
Slade SC, Dionne CE, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT): Explanation and Elaboration Statement. Br J Sports Med. 2016 Dec;50(23):1428-1437. Epub 2016 Oct 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096651
Beltran-Alacreu H, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, Fernández-Carnero J, La Touche R. Manual Therapy, Therapeutic Patient Education, and Therapeutic Exercise, an Effective Multimodal Treatment of Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Oct;94(10 Suppl 1):887-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000000293
Tsakitzidis G, Remmen R, Dankaerts W, Van Royen P. Non-specific neck pain and evidence-based practice. European Scientific Journal. ESJ, 2013; 9(3).
Malfliet A, Kregel J, Coppieters I, De Pauw R, Meeus M, Roussel N, Cagnie B, Danneels L, Nijs J. Effect of Pain Neuroscience Education Combined With Cognition-Targeted Motor Control Training on Chronic Spinal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Jul 1;75(7):808-817. Erratum in: JAMA Neurol. 2019 Mar 1;76(3):373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0492
Matias BA, Vieira I, Pereira A, Duarte M, Silva AG. Pain neuroscience education plus exercise compared with exercise in university students with chronic idiopathic neck pain. Int J Therapy And Rehabilitation. 2019;26(7):1-14. https://www. magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0084 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0084
Chapman CR, Casey KL, Dubner R, Foley KM, Gracely RH, Reading AE. Pain measurement: an overview. Pain. 1985 May;22(1):1-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(85)90145-9
Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Revicki DA, Harding G, Coyne KS, Peirce-Sandner S, Bhagwat D, Everton D, Burke LB, Cowan P, Farrar JT, Hertz S, Max MB, Rappaport BA, Melzack R. Development and initial validation of an expanded and revised version of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2). Pain. 2009 Jul;144(1-2):35-42. Epub 2009 Apr 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.02.007
Lovejoy TI, Turk DC, Morasco BJ. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the revised short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. J Pain. 2012 Dec;13(12):1250-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.011
Bartholomew C, Edwards L, Lack S. Pressure pain thresholds in adults with patellofemoral pain and patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis: a case-control study. Scand J Pain. 2019 Jun 12;19(4):713-723. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2019-0026
Whiteside A, Hansen S, Chaudhuri A. Exercise lowers pain threshold in chronic fatigue syndrome. Pain. 2004 Jun;109(3):497-499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.02.029
Ferreira J, Matias B, Silva AG. Pressure pain thresholds in university students with undertreated neck pain: comparison with asymptomatic individuals, reliability and measurement error. European J Physiotherapy. 2020;22(5):284-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21679169.2019.1614666
Dolphens M, Nijs J, Cagnie B, Meeus M, Roussel N, Kregel J, Malfliet A, Vanderstraeten G, Danneels L. Efficacy of a modern neuroscience approach versus usual care evidence-based physiotherapy on pain, disability and brain characteristics in chronic spinal pain patients: protocol of a randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 May 8;15:149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-149
Kinser AM, Sands WA, Stone MH. Reliability and validity of a pressure algometer. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):312-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818f051c
Bisset LM, Evans K, Tuttle N. Reliability of 2 protocols for assessing pressure pain threshold in healthy young adults. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2015 May;38(4):282-7. Epub 2015 Apr 27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2015.03.001
Noorollahzadeh K, Kahrizi S, Fesharaki MG, Heidarian M, Neblett R, Behzadipour S. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Persian version of the central sensitization inventory. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021 Feb; 51:102314. 102314. Epub 2020 Dec 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102314
Cuesta-Vargas AI, Neblett R, Chiarotto A, Kregel J, Nijs J, van Wilgen CP, Pitance L, Knezevic A, Gatchel RJ, Mayer TG, Viti C, Roldan-Jiménez C, Testa M, Caumo W, Jeremic-Knezevic M, Luciano JV. Dimensionality and Reliability of the Central Sensitization Inventory in a Pooled Multicountry Sample. J Pain. 2018 Mar;19(3):317-329. Epub 2017 Dec 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.11.006
Neblett R, Hartzell MM, Williams M, Bevers KR, Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ. Use of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) as a treatment outcome measure for patients with chronic spinal pain disorder in a functional restoration program. Spine J. 2017 Dec;17(12):1819-1829. Epub 2017 Jun 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.008
Scerbo T, Colasurdo J, Dunn S, Unger J, Nijs J, Cook C. Measurement Properties of the Central Sensitization Inventory: A Systematic Review. Pain Pract. 2018 Apr;18(4):544-554. Epub 2017 Nov 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12636
Moseley GL, Nicholas MK, Hodges PW. A randomized controlled trial of intensive neurophysiology education in chronic low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2004 Sep-Oct;20(5):324-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200409000-00007
Moseley L. Unraveling the barriers to reconceptualization of the problem in chronic pain: the actual and perceived ability of patients and health professionals to understand the neurophysiology. J Pain. 2003 May;4(4):184-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-5900(03)00488-7
Catley MJ, O'Connell NE, Moseley GL. How good is the neurophysiology of pain questionnaire? A Rasch analysis of psychometric properties. J Pain. 2013 Aug;14(8):818-27. Epub 2013 May 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2013.02.008
Mousavi SJ, Parnianpour M, Montazeri A, Mehdian H, Karimi A, Abedi M, Ashtiani AA, Mobini B, Hadian MR. Translation and validation study of the Iranian versions of the Neck Disability Index and the Neck Pain and Disability Scale. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Dec 15;32(26): E825-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815ce6dd
Salehi R, Negahban H, Saghayezhian N, Saadat M. The Responsiveness of the Persian Version of Neck Disability Index and Functional Rating Index Following Physiotherapy Intervention in People with Chronic Neck Pain. Iran J Med Sci. 2019 Sep;44(5):390-396.
Raeissadat SA, Sadeghi S, Montazeri A. Validation of the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) in Iran. J Basic Appl Sci Res. 2013;3(9):376-80. www.textroad.com
Rahmati N, Asghari Moghadam M A, SHAIRI M, Paknejad M, Rahmati Z, Ghassami M, Marofi N, Naeb Aghaei H. A Study of the Psychometric Properties of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale Amongst Iranian Patients with Chronic Persistent Pain. sjimu. 2017; 25 (1) :63-79. URL: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2114-en.html DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/sjimu.25.1.63
Askary-Ashtiani A, Ebrahimi-Takamejani I, Torkaman G, Amiri M, Mousavi SJ. Reliability and validity of the Persian versions of the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in patients with neck pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014 Aug 15;39(18): E1095-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000000438
Roelofs J, Peters ML, McCracken L, Vlaeyen JWS. The pain vigilance and awareness questionnaire (PVAQ): further psychometric evaluation in fibromyalgia and other chronic pain syndromes. Pain. 2003 Feb;101(3):299-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00338-X
Nasrollahi B, Dehghani M, Ghasedi M. A study on the role of selective attention, vigilance and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness for predicting pain severity in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pains. Hormozgan Med J. 2014;18(5):346-56. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ ViewPaper.aspx?ID=531618.
Broadbent E, Petrie KJ, Main J, Weinman J. The brief illness perception questionnaire. J Psychosom Res. 2006 Jun;60(6):631-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020
Broadbent E, Wilkes C, Koschwanez H, Weinman J, Norton S, Petrie KJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Psychol Health. 2015;30(11):1361-85. Epub 2015 Aug 26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2015.1070851
Seydi M, Akhbari B, Ghasem Abad SK, Jaberzadeh S, Saeedi A, Ashrafi A, Shakoorianfard MA. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the brief illness questionnaire in Iranian with non-specific chronic neck pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Oct;28:323-331. Epub 2021 Jun 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.06.002
Montazeri A, Goshtasebi A, Vahdaninia M, Gandek B. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Qual Life Res. 2005 Apr;14(3):875-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-004-1014-5
Eshaghi S-R, Ramezani MA, Shahsanaee A, Pooya A. Validity and reliability of the Short Form-36 Items questionnaire as a measure of quality of life in elderly Iranian population. Am J Appl Sci. 2006;3(3):1763-6. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ ViewPaper.aspx?ID=22574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2006.1763.1766
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Downloads
Citations
