https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2022.3.350

Malakoplakia of the urinary bladder: A review of the literature

Vol. 94 No. 3 (2022)
Submitted: June 9, 2022
Accepted: June 23, 2022
Published: September 27, 2022
malakoplakia, rare disorder, urinary tract infection
Abstract Views: 1692
PDF: 1204
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Authors

Giordano Polisini
gio.pol.93@gmail.com
Division of Urology, University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti”, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
Rocco Francesco Delle Fave
Division of Urology, University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti”, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
Camilla Capretti
Department of Urology, Civitanova Marche Hospital, Civitanova Marche, Italy.
Angelo Marronaro
Department of Urology, Civitanova Marche Hospital, Civitanova Marche, Italy.
Alessia Mariagrazia Costa
Department of Urology, Civitanova Marche Hospital, Civitanova Marche, Italy.
Luigi Quaresima
Department of Urology, Civitanova Marche Hospital, Civitanova Marche, Italy.
Daniele Mazzaferro
Department of Urology, Civitanova Marche Hospital, Civitanova Marche, Italy.
Andrea Benedetto Galosi
Division of Urology, University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti”, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.

Objective: The aim of the study is to make a review of the literature about bladder malakoplakia.
Material and Methods: We searched articles on the PUBMED web-literature database with the following keywords: “vesical malakoplakia” and “bladder malakoplakia”. In the literature we found 254 articles. At final we have excluded 219 articles, including in our study only 35 articles.
Results: The overall average age found was 50.85 years. The average age of men was 43.22 years, while that of women was 53.37 years. 75% of the patient cases were women and 25% were men. Regarding comorbidities, in 5.55% of the cases were missing whereas 47.22% of the patients suffered from recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and 19.44% from immune system disorders. Urine culture was positive in 69.44% with E.coli being isolated in 92% of cases. Hydroureteronephrosis was present in 44.44% of the cases: left in 6.25% of cases, right in 18.75% and bilateral in 75%. The mean serum creatinine of patients with hydroureteronephrosis was 5.11 (1-21) mg/dl. The most frequent site of the lesion was the vesicoureteral junction (VUJ) (42.31%), followed by the trigone (38.46%). 30.56% of patients were treated with antibiotic and surgery (transurethral resection of bladder, partial or radical cystectomy), less frequent options were antibiotics alone and surgery alone. The recurrence rate was 15%.
Conclusions: Malakoplakia is a disorder usually related to other affections, like UTI and immunodepression, and it seem to be caused by an abnormal macrophage function. In almost half of the described cases of isolated bladder malakoplakia, hydroureteronephrosis and renal failure were present.Treatment is not standardized, but both medical and surgical therapies are effective to avoid recurrence.

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How to Cite

Polisini, G., Delle Fave, R. F., Capretti, C., Marronaro, A., Costa, A. M., Quaresima, L., Mazzaferro, D., & Galosi, A. B. (2022). Malakoplakia of the urinary bladder: A review of the literature. Archivio Italiano Di Urologia E Andrologia, 94(3), 350–354. https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2022.3.350
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