Letters to the Editor

Urogenital and extra genital mutilation in gender-affirming surgery: are we violating primum non nocere?

Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Received: 31 October 2024
Published: 19 February 2025
1631
Views
549
Downloads

Authors

In transgender individuals, there is a mismatch between biological sex and gender (sex-gender discordance), and this mismatch is often attempted to be resolved by changing the sex [...]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Coleman E, Radix AE, Bouman WP, et al. Standards of care for the health of transgender and gender diverse people, version 8. Int J Transgend Health. 2022; 23:S259.

Kuo JH, Carrera RA, Mulyani LC, et al. Exploring the interaction effects of gender contentedness and pubertal timing on adolescent longitudinal psychological and behavioral health outcomes. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12:660746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660746

Heylens G, Verroken C, De Cock S, et al. Effects of different steps in gender reassignment therapy on psychopathology: a prospective study of persons with a gender identity disorder. J Sex Med. 2014; 11:119-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12363

Ruppin U, Pfäfflin F. Long-term follow-up of adults with gender identity disorder. Arch Sex Behav. 2015; 44:1321-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0453-5

Smith YL, Van Goozen SH, Kuiper AJ, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Sex reassignment: outcomes and predictors of treatment for adolescent and adult transsexuals. Psychol Med. 2005; 35:89-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704002776

Udeze B, Abdelmawla N, Khoosal D, Terry T. Psychological functions in male-to-female people before and after surgery. Sex Relatsh Ther. 2008; 23:141-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14681990701882077

Jensen TS, Chin J, Rollins J, et al. Gender dysphoria and gender reassignment surgery. 2016. https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/

view/ncacal-decision-memo.aspx?proposed=N&NCAId =282&bc=ACAAAAAAQAAA&

Bränström R, Pachankis JE. Toward rigorous methodologies for strengthening causal inference in the association between gender-affirming care and transgender individuals' mental health: response to letters. Am J Psychiatry. 2020; 177:769-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20050599

Correction to Bränström and Pachankis. Am J Psychiatry. 2020; 177:734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.1778correction

Robinson IS, Blasdel G, Cohen O, et al. Surgical outcomes following gender-affirming penile reconstruction: patient-reported outcomes from a multi-center, international survey of 129 transmasculine patients. J Sex Med. 2021;18:800-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.183

Zhang TR, Harel D, Rivera A, et al. Incidence, complications, and long-term outcomes of gender-affirming phalloplasty: analysis of a large statewide population-based dataset. Urology. 2024; 185:27-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2023.10.044

Straub JJ, Paul KK, Bothwell LG, et al. Risk of suicide and self-harm following gender-affirmation surgery. Cureus 2024; 16:e57472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.57472

Dhejne C, Lichtenstein P, Boman M, et al. Long-term follow-up of transsexual persons undergoing sex reassignment surgery: cohort study in Sweden. PLoS One. 2011; 6:e16885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016885

Wang AMQ, Tsang V, Mankowski P, et al. Outcomes following gender-affirming phalloplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Med Rev. 2022; 10:499-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.03.002

Veerman H, de Rooij FPW, Al-Tamimi M, et al. Functional outcomes and urological complications after genital gender-affirming surgery with urethral lengthening in transgender men. J Urol. 2020; 204:104-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000000795

Peters BR, Sikora Z, Timmins BH, Berli JU. Nerve morbidity at the radial forearm donor site following gender-affirming phalloplasty. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022; 75:3836-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2022.06.075

Horbach SER, Bouman MB, Smit JM, et al. Outcome of vaginoplasty in male-to-female transgenders: a systematic review of surgical techniques. J Sex Med. 2015; 12:1499-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12868

Kuhn A, Hiltebrand R, Birkhäuser M. Do transsexuals have micturition disorders? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 131:226-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.03.019

Kuhn A, Santi A, Birkhäuser M. Vaginal prolapse, pelvic floor function, and related symptoms 16 years after sex reassignment surgery in transsexuals. Fertil Steril. 2011; 95:2379-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.029

Bayraktar Z. Urogenital complications that decrease quality of life in transgender surgery. New J Urol. 2024; 19:52-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33719/nju1374837

Kamran R, Jackman L, Chan C, et al. Implementation of patient-reported outcome measures for gender-affirming care worldwide: a systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2023; 6:e236425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6425

Simonsen RK, Giraldi A, Kristensen E, Hald GM. Long-term follow-up of individuals undergoing sex reassignment surgery: psychiatric morbidity and mortality. Nord J Psychiatry. 2016; 70:241-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2015.1081405

Simonsen RK, Hald GM, Kristensen E, Giraldi A. Long-term follow-up of individuals undergoing sex reassignment surgery: somatic morbidity and cause of death. Sex Med. 2016; 4:e60-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2016.01.001

Heylens G, Elaut E, Kreukels BP, et al. Psychiatric characteristics in transsexual individuals: multicentre study in four European countries. Br J Psychiatry. 2014; 204:151-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.121954

Gualdi-Russo E, Lefebvre P, Arnaud J. Cranial surgery in antiquity: the size of trepanations during the Neolithic period in France. World Neurosurg. 2024; 190:131-40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2024.07.042

How to Cite



Urogenital and extra genital mutilation in gender-affirming surgery: are we violating primum non nocere?. (2025). Archivio Italiano Di Urologia E Andrologia, 97(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.13324