Increased exfoliation of immature germ cells detected in semen analysis routine and its clinical significance
https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2022.4.519
Accepted: July 24, 2022
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
To the Editor,
Currently, semen analysis is the unique test to evaluate men’s fertility potential. Semen analysis provides valuable information on sperm production and quality. In addition to the conventional assessment of the sperm characteristics in a basic semen analysis routine, performing a differential diagnosis of leukocytes and sperm precursors immature germ cells (IGC) is also pivotal, due to adding valuable and clinically suitable information to the semen report [...].
Jassim A, Festenstein H. Immunological and morphological characterisation of nucleated cells other than sperm in semen of oligospermic donors. J Reprod Immunol. 1987; 11:77-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0378(87)90013-1
Tomlinson MJ, Robert Barratt CL, Bolton AE, et al. Round cells and sperm fertilizing capacity: the presence of immature germ cells but not seminal leukocytes are associated with reduced success of in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 1992; 58:1257-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55583-6
Fedder J, Askjaer SA, Hjort T. Nonspermatozoal cells in semen: relationship to other semen parameters and fertility status of the couple. Arch Androl. 1993; 31:95-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/01485019308988386
Sharma R, Gupta S, Agarwal A, et al. Relevance of leukocytospermia and semen culture and its true place in diagnosing and treating male infertility. World J Mens Health. 2022; 40:191-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.210063
Andrade-Rocha FT. Semen analysis in laboratory practice: an overview of routine tests. J Clin Lab Anal. 2003; 17:247-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.10105
Palermo GD, Neri QV, Cozzubbo T, et al. Shedding light on the nature of seminal round cells. PLoS One. 2016; 11:e0151640. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151640
Gandini L, Lenzi A, Lombardo F, et al. Immature germ cell separation using a modified discontinuous Percoll gradient technique in human semen. Hum Reprod. 1999; 14:1022-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.4.1022
Patil PS, Humbarwadi RS, Patil AD, Gune AR. Immature germ cells in semen - correlation with total sperm count and sperm motility. J Cytol. 2013; 30:185-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9371.117682
Ariagno J, Curi S, Mendeluk G, et al. Shedding of immature germ cells. Arch Androl. 2002; 48:127-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/014850102317267436
MacLeod J. Seminal cytology in the presence of varicocele. Fertil Steril. 1965; 16:735-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)35765-X
World Health Organization. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 6th ed. WHO Press; Geneva, Switzerland. 2021 (accessed on 15 July 2022).
Copyright (c) 2022 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Downloads
Citations
