Cerebral venous outflow abnormalities and inner ear: an underestimated piece of the puzzle?
https://doi.org/10.4081/vl.2023.11585
Accepted: 7 August 2023
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Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) is a medical disorder initially documented by Zamboni, which is distinguished by the impeded drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the extracranial venous system. This obstruction mostly arises from the constriction or blockage of veins located in the cranial region and neck. This syndrome has the potential to result in the development of collateral circles, venous reflux, and iron accumulation within the central nervous system.
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