The impact of soil-transmitted helminths infection on growth impairment: systematic review and meta analysis
https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11742
Accepted: 25 October 2023
Supplementary Materials: 10
HTML: 16
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Human helminthiasis, particularly soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, is a prevalent health concern in Indonesia, especially among children, often resulting in growth disorders, notably stunting. To examine the link between STH infections and childhood stunting, we conducted a comprehensive review of literature spanning 2012-2023, encompassing 40 selected articles from databases like PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Our analysis revealed a substantial association between STH infections and increased stunting risk in children, estimating a 44.407% rise in stunting risk due to STH infection. Stunting, a consequence of chronic malnutrition, profoundly affects a child's physical and cognitive development, with long-lasting repercussions on their future potential and quality of life. This study has significant implications. It underscores the urgent need for robust public health interventions targeting STH infections, especially in high-prevalence areas like Indonesia. Measures such as mass deworming campaigns, improved sanitation and hygiene practices, and health education can significantly alleviate the burden of STH infections and the resulting stunting. Moreover, the research emphasizes the intricate relationship between infectious diseases and malnutrition, highlighting the necessity for a holistic approach to child health. Addressing STH infections necessitates not only medical intervention but also efforts to enhance overall living conditions and nutritional status. Integrating these approaches into a comprehensive public health strategy can yield more effective and sustainable results in the fight against childhood stunting. In conclusion, this study underscores the paramount importance of addressing STH infections in the context of child growth and underscores the urgency of implementing effective public health interventions. This approach can enable children to reach their full physical and cognitive potential, ultimately contributing to the overall well-being and development of societies.
Eyayu T, Yimer G, Workineh L, et al. Prevalence, intensity of infection and associated risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth infections among school children at Tachgayint woreda, Northcentral Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022;17:e0266333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266333
WHO. Soil-transmitted helminth infections. World Health Organization. 2023.
Pullan RL, Smith JL, Jasrasaria R, Brooker SJ. Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-37
Konstantin T, Tantular IS, Athiyyah AF, Rossyanti L. The Correlation Between Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene With Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection Among Elementary School Children Of Aru Islands District, Maluku. Indonesian J Public Health 2021;16:273–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v16i2.2021.273-284
Kusumarini S, Al Firdausi S, Indasari EN, et al. Determination of elementary school students knowledge of soil-transmitted helminth infection with study of personal hygiene behavior in lamongan district, East Java, Indonesia. Veterinary Practitioner 2020;21:479–83.
Putro G, Ristrini, Sukoco NEW, Dewi ER. Risk behavior of tiom community related with helminthiasis at lanny jaya district, papua province, indonesia. J Global Pharma Technol 2020;12:416–23.
Djuardi Y, Lazarus G, Stefanie D, et al. Soil-transmitted helminth infection, anemia, and malnutrition among preschool-age children in nangapanda subdistrict, indonesia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15:e0009506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009506
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Riskesdas 2018 [basic health research report 2018]. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018 [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Mar 19]; Available from: https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274.pdf
Adu-Gyasi D, Asante KP, Frempong MT, et al. Epidemiology of soil transmitted Helminth infections in the middle-belt of Ghana, Africa. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2018;3(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00071
Tapiheru MJR, Zain N. Prevalence Of Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection In Public Elementary School Students 105296 Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia 2021;8:1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v8i3.249
Surani E, Susilowati E. The Relationship Between Fulfilment of Basic Needs with the Incidence of Stunting In Toddlers. Jurnal Ners 2020;15:26–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i1.17286
Amaliyah E, Mulyati M. Effectiveness of Health Education and Nutrition Rehabilitation Toward Community Empowerment for Children Aged Less Than 5 Years with Stunting: A Quasi-Experimental Design. Jurnal Ners 2020;15:173–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i2.19494
Izza N, Purnomo W, Mahmudah. Factors affecting the occurrence of stunting in indonesia. Indian J Public Health Res Dev 2019;10:1845–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.03114.0
Ezeh OK, Abir T, Zainol NR, et al. Trends of stunting prevalence and its associated factors among nigerian children aged 0–59 months residing in the northern nigeria, 2008–2018. Nutrients 2021;13:4312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124312
Taqwin T, Ramadhan K, Hadriani H, et al. Prevalence of stunting among 10-year old children in Indonesia. J Global Pharma Technol 2020;12:768–75.
Has EMM, Efendi F, Wahyuni SD, et al. Stunting determinants among Indonesian children aged 0-59 month: Evidence from Indonesian family life survey (IFLS) 2014/2015. J Global Pharma Technol 2020;12:815–25.
Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K). 100 kabupaten/kota prioritas untuk intervensi anak kerdil (stunting). Pertama. Jakarta: Sekretariat Wapres RI; 2017.
Soliman A, De Sanctis V, Alaaraj N, et al. Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: From childhood to adulthood. Acta Biomedica. 2021 Mar 5;92:e2021168.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas). Laporan Nasional. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian RI 2018. 2018.
Astuti D, Magga E, Djalla Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare A. Hubungan penyakit kecacingan dengan status gizi anak pada sekolah dasar muhammadiyah jampu kecamatan lanrisang kabupaten pinrang. Jurnal Ilmiah Manusia Dan Kesehatan 2019;1.
Amalia YN, Sari OP, Munfiah S. Hubungan antara Kecacingan dengan Status Gizi pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Indonesia 2021;1:81–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.12
Yeshanew S, Bekana T, Truneh Z, et al. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and undernutrition among schoolchildren in Mettu town, Southwest Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022;12(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07669-4
Djohan PB, Prasetyadi A, Wirjanata M, et al. Association between Ascaris lumbricoides infection and undernutrition in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bali Medical Journal 2023;12:197–205.
Astuti D, Magga E, Djalla A. Hubungan Penyakit Kecacingan Dengan Status Gizi Anak Pada Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah Jampu Kecamatan Lanrisang Kabupaten Pinrang. Manusia Dan Kesehatan 2019;2:284–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31850/makes.v2i2.151
Nasution PS, Fajar, Pramawati A. Hubungan Penggunaan Air Bersih, Jamban Sehat, Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS), dan Infeksi Kecacingan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita di Pulau Seraya Kelurahan Tanjung Riau Kota Batam Tahun 2022. Jurnal Kesehatan Ibnu Sina. 2022;3(2).
Behera DK, Samand K, Dehury RK. Assesment of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in South-East Asia: A Systematic Review. J Clin Diagnostic Res 2022;16:1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2022/55225.17080
Olin W, Paun R. The Factors That Influence the Incidence of Infection of Intestinal Worms in Children Under Five with the Problem of Nutritional Stunting in the South Timor Timor District (TTS). Glob J Health Sci 2022;14:39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v14n5p39
Asa BF, Shintouo CM, Shey RA, Afoumbom MT, Siekeh N, Yoah A, et al. Prevalence, correlates of undernutrition and intestinal parasitic infection among children below 5 years living in the forest community of Ndelele, East Region of Cameroon: A cross-sectional assessment. Mendlovic F, editor. PLoS One 2022;17:e0278333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278333
Aung E, Han KT, Gordon CA, et al. High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Myanmar schoolchildren. Infect Dis Poverty 2022;11(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-022-00952-6
Geleto GE, Kassa T, Erko B. Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and associated malnutrition among under-fives in conflict affected areas in southern Ethiopia. Trop Med Health 2022;50(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-022-00436-1
Raj E, Calvo-Urbano B, Heffernan C, et al. Systematic review to evaluate a potential association between helminth infection and physical stunting in children. Vol. 15, Parasites and Vectors. BioMed Central Ltd; 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05235-5
Fauziah N, Ar-Rizqi MA, Hana S, et al. Stunting as a Risk Factor of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children: A Literature Review. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022;2022:8929025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8929025
Nuraini I, Iswati RS, Aisyah. Intervention Of Stunting Aged 0-59 Months Reviewing From Nutrition. J Pharm Negat Results 2022;13:700–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.04.094
Degarege A, Erko B, Negash Y, Animut A. Intestinal Helminth Infection, Anemia, Undernutrition and Academic Performance among School Children in Northwestern Ethiopia. Microorganisms 2022 Jul 1;10(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071353
Hadi AJ, Yetti Riman E, Sudarman S, et al. Socio-Family Culture Against Stunting Risk: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study Nutrition Program Study. Volatiles Essent Oils. 2022;9.
Yogaswara D. Pemetaan Kasus dan Faktor Risiko Stunting di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Tahun 2019. Jurnal Bidkesmas Respati 2022;01:105–13.
Muslim A, Lim YAL, Sofian SM, et al. Nutritional status, hemoglobin level and their associations with soil-transmitted helminth infections between Negritos (indigenous) from the inland jungle village and resettlement at town peripheries. PLoS One 2021;16:e0245377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245377
Mationg MLS, Williams GM, Tallo VL, et al. Soil-transmitted helminth infections and nutritional indices among Filipino schoolchildren. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021;15:e0010008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010008
Paun R, Bia MB, Shagti I, et al. The Relationship Between Intestinal Worm Infection And Stunting In Elementary School Children In South Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara 2021;328–33.
Nurfaikatunnisa, Asdinar, Hasanuddln PAR. The Relationship between Worms and Stunting in Toddlers Using the Sedimentation Method in Bulukumba Regency. Jurnal TLM Blood Smear 2021;2:31–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37362/jmlt.v2i2.550
Masangcay DU, Amado AJY, Bulalas AR, et al. Association of Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection and Micronutrient Malnutrition: A Narrative Review. Asian J Biol Life Sci 2021;10:317–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/ajbls.2021.10.44
Okafor AMA, Ikwumere CM, Egumgbe UD, et al. Prevalence and determining factors of stunting among school-aged children in a rural nigerian community: A cross-sectional study. Current Res Nutrition Food Sci 2021;9:409–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.9.2.05
Mugarura D, Ninsiima HI, Kinyi H, et al. High-Prevalence Stunting in Preschool Children (1-5 Years) Attending Selected Health Centers in a Food Rich Area-Bushenyi District Southwestern Uganda. J Nutr Metab 2021;2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-31913/v1
Muslimah PA, Salimo H, Lanti Y, Dewi R. Multilevel Analysis Association of Soil Transmitted Helminths and Stunting in Children Aged 6-12 Years Old in Pinrang District, South Sulawesi. J Epidemiol Public Health 2020;3:372–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020.05.03.11.
Mekonnen Z, Hassen D, Debalke S, et al. Soil-transmitted helminth infections and nutritional status of school children in government elementary schools in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2020;8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120954696
Hailegebriel T. Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting and Thinness/Wasting Among Schoolchildren of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2020;41:474–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572120968978
Widiarti A, Nyoman N, Yuliani S, et al. The Correlation Between Worm Infection and Stunting Incidence in The First-Third Grade Students of Pematang Limau Elementary School, Gunung Mas District. Indian J Public Health Res Dev 2020;11:604–8.
Yoseph A, Beyene H. The high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections is associated with stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Boricha Woreda, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09377-y
Sihombing ME, Tambunan R, Siahaan DL. Hubungan Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths dengan Status Gizi dan Kemampuan Kognitif pada Anak. Jurnal Kedokteran Methodist 2020;13:59–68.
Kabatende J, Mugisha M, Ntirenganya L, et al. Prevalence, intensity, and correlates of soil-transmitted helminth infections among school children after a decade of preventive chemotherapy in Western Rwanda. Pathogens 2020;9:1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121076
Sari MP, Nathasaria T, Majawati ES, Pangaribuan HU. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections, Anemia, and Undernutrition Among School-Children in An Elementary School in North Jakarta, Indonesia. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung 2020;52(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2137
Agustianingsih NN, Kadek Swastika I, Sudarmaja IM. Prevalensi Dan Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Orang Tua Siswa Terhadap Angka Kejadian Infeksi Soil-Tansmitted Helminths Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Gegelang, Kecamatan Manggis, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali. Januari 2020;9(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jih.v1i3.5707
Pratama B, Angraini DI, Nisa K. Literatur Review Penyebab Langsung (Immediate Cause) yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Immediate Cause Affects Stunting in Children. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada 2019;10:299–303.
Moncayo AL, Lovato R, Cooper PJ. Soil-transmitted helminth infections and nutritional status in Ecuador: Findings from a national survey and implications for control strategies. BMJ Open 2018;8:1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021319
Campbell SJ, Nery SV, D’Este CA, et al. Investigations into the association between soil-transmitted helminth infections, haemoglobin and child development indices in Manufahi District, Timor-Leste. Parasit Vectors 2017;10(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2084-x
Zeleke ZZ, Yohanes T, Gutema BT, Rusho TT. Association between Nutritional Status and Soil-Transmitted Helminthes Re-Infection among School-Age Children in Chencha District, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Transl Biomed 2017;08:1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21767/2172-0479.100111
Darlan DM, Alexandra TS, Tala ZZ. Soil transmitted helminth infections in medan: A cross-sectional study of the correlation between the infection and nutritional status among elementary school children. Family Medicine and Primary Care Review 2017;19:98–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2017.67860
Njiru J, Muhoho N, Simbauni J, Kabiru E. Effects of Soil- Transmitted Helminths and Schistosoma Species on Nutritional Status of Children in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. J Appl Life Sci Int 2016;5:1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/JALSI/2016/25053
Simarmata N, Sembiring T, Ali M. Nutritional status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-infected and uninfected children. Paediatrica Indonesiana 2015;55:136–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/pi55.3.2015.136-41
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Downloads
Citations
