Original Articles

Possible care protocols for patients undergoing road transfer on a biocontainment stretcher model N 36 (36 m3 air ˃60 ACH)

Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Received: 1 February 2024
Published: 23 July 2024
1120
Views
799
Downloads

Authors

The practice of transporting a patient affected by a Highly Transmissible Disease (HTD) with a high risk of fatal evolution using biocontainment isolators requires careful planning and preparation. To date, there is only limited literature regarding aeromedical transport, most of which is military-derived, and it does not address patient transfer by road vehicles. To standardize these practices, or at least some of their most critical aspects, we tried to schematize a few of the improvements each author implemented during their practices as a scaffold, which could eventually be based on operative protocols. In particular, we focused on the series of actions that needed to be performed and planned to guarantee the safety of both the patient and operators during the entire duration of the operations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Cieslak TJ, Kortepeter MG. A brief history of biocontainment. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis 2016;8:251-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40506-016-0096-2

Trexler P, Emond R, Evans B. Negative-pressure plastic isolator for patients with dangerous infections. BMJ 1977;2:559-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6086.559

World Health Organization (WHO). Laboratory biosafety manual - 4th edition. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240011311

Kling J. The basics of biocontainment. Lab Anim (NY) 2020;49:285-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41684-020-0644-8

Kadanali A, Karagoz G. An overview of Ebola virus disease. North Clin Istanb 2015;2:81-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2015.97269

Nicol ED, Mepham S, Naylor J, et al. Aeromedical transfer of patients with viral hemorrhagic fever, Emerg Infect Dis 2019;25:5-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2501.180662

Gibbs SG, Herstein JJ, Le AB, et al. Review of literature for air medical evacuation high-level containment transport. Air Med J 2019;38:359-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2019.06.006

Herstein JJ, Figi CE, Le AB, et al. An updated review of literature for air medical evacuation High-Level containment transport during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Air Med J 2023;42:201-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2022.12.007

D’Urso F. Road biocontainment transport classification decision algorithm used during COVID-19 outbreak with isolator. Available from: https://www.medhealthreview.com/2023/11/20/road-biocontainment-transport-classification-decision-algorithm-used-during-covid-19-outbreak-with-isolator/

Del Romano M, Ciapessoni L, Di Mola F, et al. Rapid Response air medical evacuation by civilian HEMS crew of critical patients during COVID-19 outbreak – First Fixed Points. Emerg Care J 2020;16:134-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ecj.2020.9373

Dindart JM, Peyrouset O, Palich R, et al. Aerial medical evacuation of health workers with suspected Ebola virus disease in Guinea Conakry-interest of a negative pressure isolation pod - a case series. BMC Emerg Med 2017;17:9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-017-0121-x

Wallace LM. Communication variables in the design of pre-surgical preparatory information. Br J Clin Psychol 1986;25:111-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00679.x

Madl JEM, Sturmbauer SC, Janka R, et al. Preparing patients according to their individual coping style improves patient experience of magnetic resonance imaging. J Behav Med 2022;45:841-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-022-00361-y

Caddick J, Jawad S, Southern S, Majumder S. The power of words: sources of anxiety in patients undergoing local anaesthetic plastic surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2012;94:94-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1308/003588412X13171221501267

Dang A, Williams B, Warsing WD, et al. Air quality monitoring during High-Level biocontainment ground transport: observations from two operational exercises. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022;16:1482-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2021.156

Christopher GW, Eitzen EM. Air evacuation under high-level biosafety containment: the aeromedical isolation team. Emerg Infect Dis 1999;5:241-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0502.990208

Lotz E, Raffin H. Aeromedical evacuation using an aircraft transit isolator of a patient with Lassa fever. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012;83:527-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.3094.2012

Garibaldi BT, Conger NG, Withers MR, et al. Aeromedical evacuation of patients with contagious infections. Aeromedical Evacuation 2019;2019:317-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15903-0_20

How to Cite



Possible care protocols for patients undergoing road transfer on a biocontainment stretcher model N 36 (36 m3 air ˃60 ACH). (2024). Emergency Care Journal, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ecj.2024.12334