Accuracy of bedside sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter for intracranial hypertension diagnosis in the emergency department

Chiara Busti; Matteo Marcosignori; Francesco Marchetti; Giuseppe Batori; Laura Giovenali; Francesco Corea; Giuseppe Calabrò; Manuel Monti; Federico Germini

doi:10.4081/ecj.2023.11333

Authors

Chiara Busti
chiara.busti@gmail.com
Emergency Department, Gubbio and Gualdo Tadino Hospital, Gubbi, Italy.
Matteo Marcosignori Emergency Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Francesco Marchetti Radiology Department, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
Giuseppe Batori Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Laura Giovenali Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
Francesco Corea Neurology Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, Italy.
Giuseppe Calabrò Emergency Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, Italy.
Manuel Monti Emergency Department, Gubbio and Gualdo Tadino Hospital, Gubbio, Italy. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0478-110X
Federico Germini Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-3616

Ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (US ONSD) has been proposed as a method to diagnose elevated intracranial pressure (EICP), but the optimal threshold is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of US ONSD, as compared to head computed tomography (CT), in detecting EICP of both traumatic and non-traumatic origin. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Patients presenting to the emergency department with a suspect of traumatic or non-traumatic brain injury, referred for an urgent head CT, underwent US ONSD measurement. A US ONSD ≥5.5 mm was considered positive. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for three ONSD cut-offs: 5.5 (primary outcome), 5.0, and 6.0 mm. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also generated and the area under the ROC curve calculated. Ninetynine patients were enrolled. The CT was positive in 15% of cases and the US ONSD was positive in all of these, achieving a sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval (CI) 78; 100] and a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 79; 100). The CT was negative in 85% of cases, while the US ONSD was positive in 69% of these, achieving a specificity of 19% (95% CI 11; 29) and a positive predictive value of 18% (95% CI 11; 28). The US ONSD, with a 5.5 mm cut-off, might safely be used to rule out EICP in patients with traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury in the ED. In limited-resources contexts, a negative US ONSD could allow emergency physicians to rule out EICP in low-risk patients, deferring the head CT.

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Busti, C., Marcosignori , M., Marchetti , F., Batori , G., Giovenali , L., Corea , F., Calabrò , G., Monti, M., & Germini , F. (2023). Accuracy of bedside sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter for intracranial hypertension diagnosis in the emergency department. Emergency Care Journal, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/ecj.2023.11333