Development of practical functional electrical stimulation cycling systems based on an electromyography study of the Cybathlon 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system based on the motor driving concept for use by spinal cord injury patients participating in the FES Cycling competition at the Cybathlon 2016. The proposed FES system consists of a low-power control system, a precise processor unit, and a 4-channel stimulation unit. Self-adhesive carbon conductive electrodes were utilized for stimulation. A 26-year-old SCI patient was qualified to participate in the competition. The pilot patient underwent training for 16 months, which included experience with FES stimulation, performing FES cycling, and reducing spasticity, to practice using the FES system. In addition, using surface electromyography (EMG) during cycling, the muscle activation pattern for generating the stimulation profile was applied and resulted in good performance. The best FES cycling performance the pilot achieved was 1000 meters translation with the cycling system during twelve minutes of using the FES system. The pilot achieved an 1000 meters translation mobility within an average of 16 minutes of cycling. Nevertheless, the system must be further investigated regarding muscle fatigue and other factors that may affect the stimulation conditions.