https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2025.13887
Risk factors for tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: a case control study
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Published: 22 December 2025
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb), and its burden is exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). This case-control study aimed to identify risk factors associated with TB among patients with NIDDM in Banjar Regency, Indonesia. A total of 93 respondents with TB or TB with NIDDM were included using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected via questionnaires and medical records, analyzing demographic characteristics, history of TB exposure, and health parameters. The results showed that gender, education level, smoking history, hospitalization history, and a family history of TB were significantly associated with TB among NIDDM patients. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce TB risk among individuals with NIDDM, including enhanced screening, public health education, and lifestyle modifications.
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