Development of a health promotion model for parents to promote healthy diet to prevent cancer in adolescents: a cross-sectional study in East Java Indonesia

A healthy diet has been proven to reduce mortality risk. However, the number of people consuming unhealthy diets is increasing, especially among adolescents. Parents are responsible for promoting a healthy lifestyle for adolescents. This research aims to develop a health promotion model for parents of adolescents regarding a healthy diet to prevent cancer. The study used a cross-sectional design with an explanatory survey. The population were 148 parents of junior high school students in Surabaya and East Java, Indonesia, who accessed online form over four months. The sample was determined based on the following inclusion criteria: parents of adolescents aged 13-16 years, parents of adolescents registered at junior high schools in Surabaya, parents capable of completing the form, and parents willing to participate in the research. Convenience sampling was used. Data was collected via a Google Forms questionnaire and analysed using Partial Least Square with T=1.96. There were nine questionnaires used (demographic, perceived benefits and barriers, the self-efficacy for exercise, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale - PACES, environmental support, knowledge, participation, the shortened Committed Action Questionnaire, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile - HPLP II). The study included 148 parents of adolescents. Parental characteristics influenced cognition and affect (T=3.4) and environmental support (T=4.2). Environmental support influenced parental empowerment (T=2.9). Similarly, cognition and affect influenced empowerment (T=4.189). Parental empowerment influenced commitment (T=3.3), which in turn influenced health promotion behaviour regarding a healthy diet (T=3.3). The health promotion model was developed through efforts to empower parents and strengthen their commitment to implementing a healthy diet for adolescents, even in challenging situations.