The need for novel biomarkers in prostate cancer: a UrOP perspective
Abstract
Dear Editor,
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide, representing a major healthcare burden both in terms of morbidity and economic cost...
References
- 1. MacLennan S, Azevedo N, Duncan E, et al. Mapping European Association of Urology Guideline Practice Across Europe: An audit of androgen deprivation therapy use before prostate cancer surgery in 6598 cases in 187 hospitals across 31 European countries. Eur Urol. 2023;83:393-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2022.12.031
- 2. Marchioni M, Primiceri G, Castellan P, et al. Conservative management of urinary incontinence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Minerva Urol Nefrol 2020;72:555-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0393-2249.20.03782-0
- 3. Bauckneht M, Rebuzzi SE, Ponzano Met, al. Prognostic value of the BIO-Ra Score in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with radium-223 after the European Medicines Agency restricted use: secondary investigations of the multicentric BIO-Ra study. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14:1744. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071744
- 4. Montironi R, Cimadamore A, Lopez-Beltran A, et al. Should pathologists and clinicians continue to consider Grade Group 1 (Gleason score ≤6) prostate cancer as a true carcinoma? Let's hear from patient advocates. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2025;97:13925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.13925
- 5. De Nunzio C, Lombardo R, Baldassarri V, et al. Rotterdam mobile phone app including MRI data for the prediction of prostate cancer: A multicenter external validation. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021;47:2640-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2021.04.033
- 6. Scarcia M, Andracchio V, Piana A, et al. Learning curve of a multidisciplinary team for magnetic resonance imaging/transperineal ultrasonography fusion prostate biopsy. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2025;97:13933. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.13933
- 7. Pepe P, Pepe L, Fiorentino V, Curduman M, Fraggetta F. Transcutaneous perineal-ultrasound guided prostate biopsy in men with rectal amputation. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2025;97:14047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.14047
- 8. Brant A, Campi R, Carrion DM, et al. Findings from an international survey of urology trainee experience with prostate biopsy. BJU Int 2023;131:705-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.15935
- 9. Mantica G, Pacchetti A, Aimar R, et al. Developing a five-step training model for transperineal prostate biopsies in a naïve residents' group: a prospective observational randomised study of two different techniques. World J Urol 2019;37:1845-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2599-6
- 10. Cai W, Zhu D, Byanju S, et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging in diagnosis of suspicious prostate cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e14891. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014891
- 11. Nguyen T, Lightfoot C, May D, et al. Patient reported outcomes and treatment-associated complications as a consideration in selecting localized prostate cancer management. Res Rep Urol 2025;17:195-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S386383
- 12. Klotz L, Chin J, Black PC, et al. Comparison of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy with systematic transrectal ultrasonography biopsy for biopsy-naive men at risk for prostate cancer: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 2021;7:534-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.7589
- 13. Mian BM, Feustel PJ, Aziz A, et al. Complications following transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsy: results of the ProBE-PC randomized clinical trial. J Urol 2024;211:205-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003788
- 14. Hu JC, Assel M, Allaf ME, et al. Transperineal versus transrectal magnetic resonance imaging-targeted and systematic prostate biopsy to prevent infectious complications: the PREVENT randomized trial. Eur Urol 2024; 86:61-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2023.12.015
- 15. Malinaric R, Mantica G, Lo Monaco L, et al. The role of novel bladder cancer diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers-what should a urologist really know? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19:9648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159648
- 16. Quistini A, Chierigo F, Fallara G, et al. Androgen receptor signalling in prostate cancer: mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapies. Res Rep Urol 2025;17:211-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S388265
- 17. Galasso F, Giannella R, Bruni P, et al. PCA3: a new tool to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa) and a guidance in biopsy decisions. Preliminary report of the UrOP study. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2010;82:5-9.
- 18. Boehm BE, York ME, Petrovics G, et al. Biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:2185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032185
- 19. Wagaskar VG, Sobotka S, Ratnani P, et al. A 4K score/MRI-based nomogram for predicting prostate cancer, clinically significant prostate cancer, and unfavorable prostate cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021;4:e1357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1357
- 20. Azis A, Islam AA, Rasyid H, et al. Anti-cancer activity of Ajwa Dates extract (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) through analysis of MCL-1 levels, EGFR, and p53 expressions on apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell lines PC3: an in vitro study. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2025;97:14027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.14027
- 21. Plas S, Melchior F, Aigner GP, et al. The impact of urine biomarkers for prostate cancer detection-A systematic state of the art review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2025; 210:104699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104699
- 22. Farha MW, Salami SS. Biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and risk stratification. Ther Adv Urol 2022;14:17562872221103988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17562872221103988
- 23. Smelik M, Diaz-Roncero Gonzalez D, An X, et al. Combining spatial transcriptomics, pseudotime, and machine learning enables discovery of biomarkers for prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2025; 85:2514-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-0269
- 24. Liu Y, Hatano K, Nonomura N. liquid biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis: current status and emerging prospects. World J Mens Health 2025;43:8-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.230386
- 25. Robinson HS, Lee SS, Barocas DA, Tosoian JJ. Evaluation of blood and urine based biomarkers for detection of clinically-significant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2025;28:45-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-024-00840-0
Metrics
Citations and online attention from Dimensions, Altmetric and PlumX.
License
Copyright (c) 2025 the Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.