“121 | Probiotics effect on brain-gut axis mediated by nanovescicles: Alessandro Lo Giudice1, Giuseppa D’Amico1, Melania Ionelia Gratie1, Letizia Paladino2, Giusy Vultaggio1, Adelaide Carista1, Francesco Cappello1, Vita Di Stefano3, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto1 | 1Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy; 2Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate [CO], Italy; 3Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Italy”. (2026) Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 99(s1). doi:10.4081/jbr.2026.15373.