Obesity rates in renal stone formers from various countries


Published: June 30, 2021
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Authors

  • Elenko Popov U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Murtadha Almusafer U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
  • Arben Belba U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato and Casa di Cura Villa Donatello, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
  • Jibril O. Bello U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
  • Kamran Hassan Bhatti U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Urology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
  • Luca Boeri U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Department of Urology, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy.
  • Kaloyan Davidoff U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • BM Zeeshan Hameed U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
  • Adam Halinski U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Private Medical Center "Klinika Wisniowa" Zielona Gora, Poland.
  • Ita Pfeferman Heilberg U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Hongyi Hui U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
  • Kremena Petkova U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Department of Urology and Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Bapir Rawa U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Smart Health Tower, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
  • Fernanda Guedes Rodrigues U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Iliya Saltirov U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Department of Urology and Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Francisco R. Spivacow U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Instituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Alberto Trinchieri U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, United Kingdom.
  • Noor Buchholz U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, United Kingdom.

Objective: To collect evidence on the rate of obesity in renal stone formers (RSFs) living in different climatic areas and consuming different diets.
Materials and methods: Data of adult renal stone formers were retrospectively collected by members of U-merge from 13 participant centers in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria (2), China, India, Iraq (2), Italy (2), Nigeria, Pakistan and Poland. The following data were collected: age, gender, weight, height, stone analysis and procedure of stone removal.
Results: In total, 1689 renal stone formers (1032 males, 657 females) from 10 countries were considered. Average age was 48 (±14) years, male to female ratio was 1.57 (M/F 1032/657), the average body mass index (BMI) was 26.5 (±4.8) kg/m2. The obesity rates of RSFs in different countries were significantly different from each other. The highest rates were observed in Pakistan (50%), Iraq (32%), and Brazil (32%), while the lowest rates were observed in China (2%), Nigeria (3%) and Italy (10%). Intermediate rates were observed in Argentina (17%), Bulgaria (17%), India (15%) and Poland (22%). The age-adjusted obesity rate of RSFs was higher than the age-adjusted obesity rate in the general population in Brazil, India, and Pakistan, whereas it was lower in Argentina, Bulgaria, China, Italy, and Nigeria, and similar in Iraq and Poland.
Conclusions: The age-adjusted obesity rate of RSFs was not higher than the age-adjusted obesity rate of the general population in most countries. The relationship between obesity and the risk of kidney stone formation should be reconsidered by further studies carried out in different populations.


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Popov, E. ., Almusafer, M. ., Belba, A. ., Bello, J. O. ., Bhatti, K. H. ., Boeri, L. ., Davidoff, K. ., Hameed, B. Z. ., Halinski, A. ., Pfeferman Heilberg, I. ., Hui, H. ., Petkova, K. ., Rawa, B. ., Guedes Rodrigues, F. ., Saltirov, I. ., Spivacow, F. R. ., Trinchieri, A. ., & Buchholz, N. . (2021). Obesity rates in renal stone formers from various countries. Archivio Italiano Di Urologia E Andrologia, 93(2), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2021.2.189

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